During which phenomenon are winds typically calm and light?

The phenomenon characterized by calm and light winds is known as the doldrums. This area is situated near the equator and is marked by a lack of significant wind patterns, primarily due to the rising warm air that creates areas of low pressure. As a result, the conditions in the doldrums lead to very weak winds, making it a challenging environment for sailing vessels in historical times.

In contrast, the monsoon involves seasonal wind changes that can bring heavy rainfall and strong winds for prolonged periods, leading to significant weather patterns. Hurricanes are intense tropical storms with very strong winds and rotating systems, while tornadoes are localized and extremely violent windstorms characterized by a well-defined funnel shape, both of which exhibit anything but calm conditions.