What describes the process of energy transfer through electromagnetic waves?

The correct choice describes radiation as the process of energy transfer through electromagnetic waves. This transfer occurs through the emission of electromagnetic radiation, which includes a broad spectrum of wavelengths, from visible light to infrared radiation and beyond. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium to transfer heat, radiation can occur in a vacuum, allowing energy to travel across space.

In essence, when energy is transferred via radiation, it moves in the form of waves, propagating energy even without matter in the space between the source and the receiver. This principle is fundamental in various applications, such as solar energy capture and thermal radiation in space exploration. Understanding radiation is essential for grasping how energy interacts with the environment and the importance of electromagnetic waves in everyday technology and scientific research.