What is the camber of an airfoil?

The camber of an airfoil refers to its geometric shape, specifically the curvature of its upper and lower surfaces. More precisely, it is the difference in distance between the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil measured from a straight baseline extending from the leading to the trailing edge. The upward curvature of the airfoil can enhance lift by creating a pressure difference: the air moves faster over the curved top surface compared to the flatter bottom surface, generating low pressure above and higher pressure below.

Understanding camber is essential in aerodynamics because it influences lift characteristics at various angles of attack. Airfoils with greater camber typically produce more lift at lower speeds but may also stall at lower angles of attack. This concept is crucial for the design and performance of wings in aviation, where optimizing camber can significantly impact fuel efficiency and overall aircraft performance.

While other options discuss concepts related to airfoil performance, such as the angle of attack or the slope of an airfoil, they do not accurately define camber itself. The definition focuses specifically on the curvature, which distinguishes it from mere orientation or other geometric aspects of an airfoil.