What type of stabilization technique did William Hale innovate for rockets?

William Hale innovated spin stabilization for rockets, which involves imparting a spin to the rocket as it is launched. This technique helps to maintain the rocket's stability during flight by utilizing the principles of gyroscopic motion. A spinning object tends to resist changes to its orientation due to angular momentum, providing a stabilizing effect that helps the rocket maintain its intended flight path. Spin stabilization effectively reduces the chances of oscillations or unwanted movements that could compromise the rocket’s trajectory and control.

In contrast, other stabilization techniques may involve different approaches. Gyroscopic stabilization refers to the use of gyroscopes to control orientation, which is not the specific method Hale is known for. Active stabilization involves using sensors and thrusters to adjust the rocket's posture actively but was not the primary innovation introduced by Hale. Pneumatic stabilization relies on air pressure systems, which is not a commonly used method for rocket stabilization. Hale's contributions specifically underline the effectiveness of the spin method for enhancing the stability and performance of rockets in flight.