Which unit of measurement is based on absolute zero and commonly used by scientists to measure temperature?

The Kelvin scale is the correct choice because it is defined from absolute zero, which is the theoretical lowest temperature where all thermal motion ceases. On the Kelvin scale, absolute zero is set at 0 K. This unit is essential in the scientific community for various calculations, particularly in thermodynamics and physics, where temperatures must be measured from an absolute perspective rather than a relative one.

Unlike Celsius and Fahrenheit, which are relative scales that use values based on the freezing and boiling points of water, the Kelvin scale provides an absolute framework that is essential for scientific measurement. The Rankine scale, while also absolute, is less commonly used in scientific contexts compared to Kelvin, especially for temperatures relevant to most scientific applications. Thus, Kelvin's foundation on absolute zero and its widespread use in scientific disciplines make it the appropriate answer.